r 



EXPOSITION OPENS MAY l f I8d3. EXPOSITION CLOSES OCT. 30, 1803. 

Building to be Completed and Dedicated Oct. 12, 1892. 
Exhibits Received for Installation Nov. i, 1892. 



World's Columbian Exposition 



CHICAGO, U. S. A 
1893. 



CLASSIFICATION AND RULES 



DEPARTMENT OF 



jL- j I IB ZEE] _K ulL_ Z_j «^L. -Ltw LL 1 £L 



With other information for intending Exhibitors. 



Office: — RAND-McNALLY BUILDING, 

160-174 Adams Street, Chicago 



GEO. R. DAVIS, SELIM H. PEABODY, 

Director-General. Chief of Department. 



I 



j$*. 



Itf EXCHANOB 



NOTICE. 

The Chief of the Department of Liberal Arts has endeav- 
ored to present in this pamphlet in addition to the classifi- 
cation such general information relating to the department 
and the World's Columbian Exposition as he hopes will prove 
of interest to all who intend to exhibit and serve them as a 
guide in presenting their applications for space promptly and 
intelligently. 

A careful perusal of the Rules and Regulations will save 
delay and much needless correspondence. 

All applications for space should be addressed to the 
Director-General World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 
111., U. S. A. 



•„•"•••• • •• ••• 



THE DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS. 



World's Columbian Exposition, 



The Department of Liberal Arts will occupy about 400,000 
square feet of space in the south end of the Main Building in 
Jackson Park. The most important of the groups thus pro- 
vided for are Education, Music, Hygiene, Medicine and Surg- 
ery, Books and Literature, Physical Research, Engineering 
and Architecture, Religious and Social Associations. 

AMOUNT OF SPACE. 

The groups which are now included in this Department 
occupied at Philadelphia in 1876 35,782 square feet ; at Paris, 
in 1878, 1 l 1,000 square feet. At Paris, in 1889, a distinct 
building was assigned to Liberal Arts, having dimensions of 
738x275 feet, or an area, including galleries and Music Hall, 
of 304,300 square feet. One entire section of the building 
was given to cafes, and one-half of another section was 
occupied by miscellaneous exhibits of foreign countries. 
Deducting for these, the area for the Liberal Arts was, in 
fact, about 244,300 square feet. But the groups of Archaeol- 
ogy and Ethnology, now provided for in a separate depart- 
ment, were also housed in this building, so that the 400,000 
feet now given to the Liberal Arts is more than double the 
space provided for the same subjects at the Exposition of 
1889. It is nearly four times that of the Exposition of 
1878, and more than ten times that furnished at the Centen- 
nial of 1876. 

Two hundred thousand feet of the space will be upon the 
ground floor, the remainder on the second floor. Two hun- 
dred thousand of the space will be given to education, and 
most of this will be upon the ground floor. 



WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



The mass of the visitors to the Fair will come by rail and 
will alight at the central point of the grounds in front of the 
grand Administration Building. Thence moving toward the 
lake, they will pass along the broad esplanade, having on 
their ri^ht, first, Machinery Hall, then the Hall of Agricul- 
ture ; on their left the Hall of Mines, the Hall of Electricity; 
then they will come to the splendid facade of the Main 
Building, nearly 800 feet in length, upon which will appear 
the inscription "To the Liberal Arts." This position is in 
the finest of all the buildings erected for exhibition purposes, 
and in the central and culminating point of arrangement. 
Entering the lofty portal, the visitor will find himself at once 
confronted by the Educational Exhibit, systematically and 
symmetrically arranged by states, and by gradations, passing 
from the most elementary to the most advanced. In all for- 
mer exhibits, including that at Paris in 1889, the Educational 
Exhibits have been placed in a gallery. In this case the bulk 
of these exhibits will be on the ground floor; the remainder 
will find provision better adapted to their wants, on the 
second floor. 

THE MAIN BUILDING, 
devoted to Manufactures and the Liberal Arts, is 1,688 feet 
long, and 788 feet wide. It covers more than 31 acres of 
ground, and will contain on its two floors about 42 acres of 
floor space. Its central dome will be nearly 1,300 feet long, 
and 400 feet wide, and its central height will be nearly 30 feet 
greater than that of the monument upon Bunker Hill. This 
building will contain in its south end Liberal Arts; in its 
north ends, Archaeology and Ethnology; in its center the 
manufactured products of all nations. It will not contain 
any motive power, or processes of manufacture, these being 
all referred to the buildings for Machinery, Electricity, or 
Mining. Each of the departments in this building will occupy 
a distinct and well defined space. 

Very earnest expressions of demand for a separate build- 
ing for the Liberal Arts, or for Education alone, have been 
presented from all sections of the country, and no one has 
felt this desire more intensely than has the Chief of the De- 
partment. But a careful consideration of all the conditions 



SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. 



has led him to believe that the present solution of the ques- 
tion should be accepted as satisfactory. If placed out of Jackson 
Park, either south or west, this department would be removed 
from the great center of interest, and would seem to be thrust 
out of its home, its own rightful abode. The Exposition 
authorities long since determined that the Exposition should 
not be divided, but that all its departments should be united 
upon Jackson Park. 

The Chief of the Department begs to present to those 
interested in the Liberal Arts, and especially to his co-labor- 
ers in the field of education, the following conclusions as the 
result of careful reflection and a thorough analysis of the 
situation. 

i. The amount of space provided is fairly adequate, as 
compared with that given to other departments. 

2. Its position is central, convenient, dignified, and 
worthy. 

3. Its position is much to be preferred above any which 
would place the department outside of Jackson Park, and 
away from the immediate association with the remainder of 
the Exposition. 

Selim H. Peabody, 

Chief, Department Liberal Arts. 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



Information Important to Exhibitors 

IN THE 

DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS. 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

CHICAGO, U. S. A. 

Exposition opens May i, 1893. Closes October 30, 1893. 



Dedication of the buildings of the World's Columbian 
Exposition to be held in the City of Chicago, U. S. A., Octo- 
ber 11, 12, and 13, 1892. The general reception of articles at 
the Exposition buildings will commence November 1, 1892, 
and no article will be admitted after April 10, 1893. Space 
not taken possession of April 1, 1893, will revert to the 
Director-General for re-assignment. 

Exhibitors must be the Manufacturers or Producers of 
the goods or materials intended for exhibition. 

Applications for space and negotiations relative thereto 
for all articles of foreign production intended for exhibition 
must be conducted with the Commission of the Country 
where the article is produced. 

All applications must be accompanied by a diagram to the 
scale of one-quarter inch to the foot of the plan and distribu- 
tion of the articles to be exhibited. 

If exhibits are intended for competition, it must be so 
stated by the exhibitor, or they will be excluded from exam- 
ination for award. 

Articles that are in any way dangerous or offensive, also 
patent medicines, nostrums and empirical preparations whose 
ingredients are concealed, will not be admitted to the Expo- 
sition. 



SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. 



No fire, inflammable oils nor other combustible material 
will be permitted in the building. 

Before filling out the application for space, your 
attention is especially directed to the General Rules and 
Regulations for the government of the Exposition, pro- 
mulgated by the Director-General and printed upon 
each blank form of application. 

Be prompt in making application for space. The sooner 
the mass of applications is in our hands, the sooner can we 
determine the assignments to be made. Fill out the applica- 
tion in exact accordance with the Regulations accompanying 
the blank furnished. This will save delay, annoyance, and 
needless correspondence. 

The flooring must not be altered or removed except by 
the sanction of the Chief of the Department. 

All designs for structures, platforms, cases, partitions, and 
height of same must receive the approval of the Chief of the 
Department, and must conform to the general rules adopted 
by the Director-General. 

It is not intended that machinery shall be installed in the 
Manufactures Department, but shall take its place in Machin- 
ery Hall. In order to encourage pleasing and attractive 
effects and add life to the various exhibits, where required to 
keep them moving, a limited amount of noiseless motor power 
may be applied, subject to the approval of the Chief of the 
Department. 

The following limits must not be exceeded — Platforms: 
seven inches above the floor. Railings: two feet six inches 
above platforms (they must be included within the space 
assigned to the exhibitor). Counters: two feet ten inches 
above the floor, on side next passage way. 

The material to be used for covering counters, screens, or 
partitions, will be subject to the approval of the Chief of the 
Department. 

Unless otherwise ordered, all signs must be of a uniform 
design, which will be prescribed by the Department. They 
must not be made of muslin, linen, canvas or paper. They 
must be placed parallel with the frontage or passage ways 
of the respective stands or exhibits, and must in no case inter- 
fere with the light or view. 



8 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

The Chief of the Department hopes to secure such perfec- 
tion of detail, in the presentation of each separate exhibit, 
and such logical, consistent and harmonious combination in 
the arrangement of the several classes and groups, as will 
secure a display which will be both instructive and artistic, 
appealing to the intelligent and aesthetic sense of each 
observer. To this end he desires to aid exhibitors, and to 
secure their hearty co-operation and assistance. Regulations 
are intended, not to annoy the individual exhibitor, but to 
develop that success which can be secured only by the most 
careful and elaborate organization. 

Selim H. Peabody, 
Chief, Department of Liberal Arts. 
Approved, 

George R. Davis, 

Director- General, 



SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. 



RULES AND REGULATIONS 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



Rule i. Exhibitors will not be charged for space. A limited 
amount of power will be supplied gratuitously. 
This amount will be settled definitely at the time 
space is allotted. Power in excess of that allotted 
gratuitously will be furnished by the Exposition 
at a fixed price. Demands for such excess must 
be made before the allotment of space. 

Rule 2. Any single piece or section of any exhibit of greater 
weight than 30 000 pounds will not be accepted 
if machinery is required for its installation. 

Rule 3. Exhibitors must provide, at their own expense, all 
show cases, cabinets, shelving, counters, fittings, 
etc., which they may require, and all counter-' 
shafts, pulleys, belting, etc., for the transmission 
of power from the main shafts. 

Rule 4. Exhibitors will be confined to such exhibits as are 
specified in their applications. When the allot- 
ment of space is definitely made, exhibitors will 
be notified of their allotment of space and its 
location, and will be furnished with a permit to 
occupy the same, subject to the general rules and 
regulations adopted for the government of the 
Exposition and the special rules governing the 
Department in which their exhibits will be made 
Permits for space will not be transferable. 

Rule 5. Special rules will be issued governing each Depart- 
ment and the sale of articles within the build- 
ings or on the grounds, but no articles shall be 



1.0 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

sold for removal previous to the close of the 
Exposition, unless a concession or privilege for 
the same has been granted by the Committee on 
Ways and Means. "Privileges" refer to the sale 
of such goods as are manufactured in order to 
illustrate a machine or process exhibited. " Con- 
cessions" refer to the sale of all goods and opera- 
tion of attractions from which the securing of 
revenue is the sole object of the lessees. The 
removal of exhibits will not be permitted prior 
to the close of the Exposition. 

Rule 6. Decorations, signs, dimensions of cabinets, shelv- 
ing, counters, etc., and the arrangement of 
, exhibits must conform to the general plan 
adopted by the Director-General. 

Rule 7. Reasonable precautions will be taken for the pres- 
ervation of exhibits, but the World's Columbian 
Exposition will not be responsible for any dam- 
age to, or for the loss or destruction of an ex- 
hibit resulting from any cause. 

Rule 8. All packages containing exhibits intended for the 
several Departments must be addressed to the 
" Director-General, World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion, Chicago, Illinois, U. S. A." In addition, 
the following information must be written on 
the outside of each package: 

(a) Department in which exhibit is to be in- 

stalled. 

(b) The State or Territory from which the 

package comes. 

(c ) The name and address of the exhibitor. 

(d) The number of the permit for space. 

(e) Total number of packages sent by the 

same exhibitor. The serial number 
must be marked on each package and a 
list of the contents enclosed in each 
package. Freight must be prepaid. 



SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. 



11 



Rule 9. Favorable terms will be arranged by which exhib- 
itors may insure their own goods. Exhibitors 
may employ watchmen of their own choice to 
guard their goods during the hours the Exposi- 
tion is open to the public. Such watchmen will 
be subject to the .rules and regulations governing 
the employes of the Exposition; but no exhibitor 
will be permitted to employ attendants or assist- 
ants for service in any building, except upon 
written consent of the Chief of the Department. 

Rule 10. The expense of transporting, receiving, unpacking 
and arranging exhibits, as well as their removal 
at the close of the Exposition, shall be paid by 
the exhibitor. 

Rule ii. If no authorized person is at hand to take charge 
of exhibits within a reasonable time after arrival 
at the Exposition buildings, they will be removed 
and stored at the cost and risk of whomsoever it 
may concern. 

Rule 12. The installation of heavy articles requiring foun- 
dations should, by special arrangement with the 
Chief of Construction, begin as soon as the 
progress of the work on the buildings will permit. 
The general reception of articles at the Exposi- 
tion buildings will commence November 1st, 
1892, and no article will be admitted after April 
10th, 1893. Space not taken possession of April 
1st, 1893, will revert to the Director-General for 
re-assignment. 

Rule 13. If exhibits are intended for competition it must be 
so stated by the exhibitor, or they will be ex- 
cluded from examination for award. 

Rule 14. The Chief of each Department will provide cards 
of uniform size and character, which may be 
affixed to exhibits, and on which will be stated 
only the exhibitor's name and address, the name 
of the object or article exhibited, and its cata- 
logue number. 



I ^C 



12 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



Rule 15. Articles that are in any way dangerous or offensive, 
also patent medicines, nostrums and empirical 
preparations whose ingredients are concealed, 
will not be admitted to the Exposition. 

Rule 16. Exhibitors' business cards and brief descriptive 
circulars, only, may be placed within such exhibi- 
tor's space for distribution. The right is reserved 
to restrict or discontinue this privilege whenever 
it is carried to excess, or becomes an annoyance 
to visitors. 

Rule 17. The chief of each Department, with the approval 
of the Director-General, has the power to order 
the removal of any article he may consider dan- 
gerous, detrimental to, or incompatible with the 
object or decorum of the Exposition, or the com- 
fort and safety of the public. 

Rule 18. Exhibitors will be held responsible for the clean- 
liness of their exhibits and the space surround- 
ing the same. All exhibits must be in complete 
order each day, at least thirty minutes before 
the hour of opening. No work of this character 
will be permitted during the hours the building 
is open to the public. In case of failure on the 
part of any exhibitor to observe this rule, the 
Chief of the Department may adopt such means 
to enforce the same as circu mstances may suggest. 



Rule 19. Sketches, Drawings, Photographs or other repro- 
ductions of articles exhibited will only be allowed 
on the joint assent of the exhibitor and the 
Director-General; but general views of portions 
of the interiors of the buildings may be made on 
the approval of the Committee on Ways and 
Means. 



SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. 



13 



Rule 20. Immediately after the close of the Exposition, 
exhibitors must remove their effects, and com- 
plete such removal before January 1st, 1894. 
Goods then remaining will be removed and dis- 
posed of under the direction of the World's 
Columbian Exposition. 

Rule 21. An official catalogue will be published in English, 
French, German and Spanish. The sale of cata- 
logues is reserved exclusively by the Exposition 
Company. 

Rule 22. Each person who becomes an exhibitor thereby 
agrees to conform strictly to the rules and regu- 
lations established for the government of the 
Exposition. 

Rule 23. Communications concerning applications for 

space, and negotiations relative thereto, should 

be addressed to the "Director-General, World's 

Columbian Exposition, Chicago, Illinois, U. S. A." 



Rule 24. The management reserves the right to construe, 
amend or add to all rules and regulations when- 
ever it may be deemed necessary for the interests 
of the Exposition. 

(Signed) GEORGE R. DAVIS, 

Director-General. 



14 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



PRIVILEGES AND CONCESSIONS. 



APPLICATION FOR CONCESSION. 

Remark. — " Privileges " refer to the sale of such goods as 
are manufactured in order to illustrate a machine or process 
exhibited. " Concessions " refer to the sale of all goods and 
operation of attractions from which the securing of revenue is 
the sole object of the lessees. 

Application to sell goods of any kind, not manufactured 
on the grounds as the products of a machine or process 
exhibited, or lessees of concessions for Restaurants, Soda 
Water, Cigars and Tobacco, Photographs, Guide Books, 
Rolling Chairs, Cut Flowers, Confectionery, Bakery, Lemon- 
ade, Messenger Service, Telegraph Service, Perfumery and 
all other concessions not named in above list, must apply to 
the Committee on Ways and Means, setting forth the size of 
building, if special building is required, in the column headed 
" Size of Building," or length and breadth of space required, 
if located in any of the Exposition buildings, under the head 
of " Space Desired." The Exposition Management reserves 
the right to accept or reject any or all applications for con- 
cessions. 

Blanks for these applications will be furnished on request 
addressed to the Chief of the Department. 



SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. 



15 



DEPARTMENT L. 



LIBERAL ARTS —EDUCATION, LITERATURE, ENGINEERING, 
PUBLIC WORKS; MUSIC AND THE DRAMA. 



GROUP 147. 

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT, TRAINING AND CONDITION — HYGIENE. 

Class 824. The nursery and its accessories. 

Class 825. Athletic training and exercise gymnasiums; appa- 
ratus for physical development and of gym- 
nastic exercises and amusement; skating, walk- 
ing, climbing, ball-playing, wrestling, acro- 
batic exercises; rowing, hunting, etc. Special 
apparatus for training in schools, gymnasia; 
apparatus for exercise, drill, etc. 

Class 826. Alimentation. — Food supply and its distribution; 
adulteration of food, markets, preparation of 
food, cooking and serving, school kitchens and 
arrangements for school canteens, methods of 
warming children's meals, etc. Dinner-pails, or 
receptacles for carrying meals for school chil- 
dren, working men, and others. Restaurants, 
dining halls, refectories, etc. 

Class 827. Dwellings and buildings characterized by the 
conditions best adapted to health and comfort, 
including dwellings for working men and fac- 
tory operatives, houses and villages for oper- 
atives in connection with large manufacturing 
establishments, tenement houses, " flats," and 
suites of apartments, city and country resi- 
dences, club-houses, school-houses; designs and 
models of improved buildings for elementary 
schools, infant schools and creches, court- 
rooms, theatres, churches, etc. 



16 world's columbfan exposition. 

Class 828. Hotels, lodging-houses. 

Class 829. Public baths, lavatories; public and domestic 
hygiene. Sanitation. — Sanitary appliances and 
methods for dwelling-houses, buildings and 
cities. Direct renewal of air. Heating, ventilat- 
- ing, lighting, in their relation to health. Con- 
duits of water and sewage. Drains and sewers. 
Sinks, night-soil apparatus, sanitary plumbing, 
walls, bricks, roofs, flooring, etc. Sanitary 
house decoration. — Non-poisonous paints and 
wall-papers, floor coverings, washables, decora- 
tions, etc. 

Apparatus for carrying off, receiving and treating 
sewage. Slaughter-house refuse, city garbage. 

Apparatus and methods for filtering water and 
cleansing water-courses. 

Apparatus intended for the prevention of infec- 
tious diseases. Methods, materials and instru- 
ments for purifying and destroying germs; dis- 
infectors. 

Apparatus and fittings for warming, ventilating, 
and lighting schools; school latrines, closets, 
etc. 

Special school fittings for storing and drying 
clothing. 

Precaution in schools for preventing the spread 
of infectious diseases; school sanitaria, infir- 
maries, etc. 
Class 830. Hygiene of the workshop and factory. — (Classifi- 
cation modified from that of the London health 
exhibition.) 

Designs and models for improvement in the 
arrangement and construction of workshops, 
especially those in which dangerous or 
unwholesome processes are conducted. 

Apparatus and fittings for preventing or minimiz- 
ing the danger to health or life from carrying 
on certain trades. . Guards, screens, air-jets, 
preservative solutions, washes, etc. 



SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. 17 

Objects of personal use. — Mouth-pieces.spectacles, 
dresses, hoods, etc., for use in certain unhealthy 
and poisonous trades. 

Illustrations of diseases and deformities caused 
by unwholesome trades and professions; methods 
of combating these diseases; preservative meas- 
ures, etc. 

Sanitary construction and inspection of work- 
shops, factories, and mines; new inventions or 
improvements for ameliorating the condition 
of life of those engaged in unhealthy occupa- 
tions; means for economizing human labor in 
various industrial operations. 

Class 831. Asylums and homes. — Asylums for infants and 
children; foundling and orphan asylums; chil- 
dren's aid societies. Homes for aged men and 
women; for the maimed and deformed; for 
soldiers and for sailors. 

Treatment of paupers; alms-houses. 

Treatment of aborigines; Indian reservations and 
homes. 

Class 832. Hospitals, dispensaries, etc.; plans, models, sta- 
tistics. Shed hospitals for infectious fevers 
and epidemic diseases; tent hospitals; hospital 
ships; furniture and fittings for sick rooms. 

Class 8$^. Protective supervision. — Sanitary supervision; vac- 
cination and its enforcement; isolation of con- 
tagious diseases; quarantine; prevention and 
elimination of animal epidemics. 
Food inspection. — Treatment of adulterated foods; 
inspection and analysis; treatment of stale food 
substances; regulation of abattoirs, mills, etc.; 
regulation of sale of horses; protective devices. 
Building inspection, etc. — Building regulations 
and inspection; building drainage and plumb- 
ing; fire regulations, fire escapes, etc. 



18 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

Personal inspection. — Color tests, etc.; profes- 
sional examination for licenses. 

Immigration. — Reception, care and protection of 
immigrants. 



GROUP 148. 

INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS OF MEDICINE, SURGERY AND 
PROSTHESIS. 

Class 834. Pharmacology, drugs, pharmacy, etc. — Medicines, 
officinal (in any authoritative pharmacopoeia) 
articles of the materia medica, preparations 
unofficinal. (See Group 87.) 

Class 835. Dietetic preparations intended especially for the 
sick. (For beef extracts, see Class $8.) 

Class 836. Instruments for physical diagnosis, clinical ther- 
mometers, stethoscopes, ophthalmoscopes, etc. 

Class 837. Surgical instruments, appliances and apparatus, 
with dressings, anaesthetics, antiseptics; obstet- 
rical instruments, etc. 

Class 838. Prosthesis. — Apparatus for correcting deforms 
ties; artificial limbs. 

Class 839. Instruments and apparatus of dental surgery and 

prosthesis. 
Class 840. Vehicles and appliances for the transportation 

and relief of the sick and wounded, during 

peace or war, on shore or at sea. (See also 

Department G.) 



GROUP 149. 

PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND SUPERIOR EDUCATION. 

Class 841. Elementary instruction. — Infant schools and kin- 
dergartens. Descriptions of the methods of 
instruction, with statistics. 



SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. 19 

Class 842. Primary schools, city and country. — School- 
houses and furniture. Apparatus and fittings. 
Models and appliances for teaching, text-books, 
diagrams, examples. Specimens of work in 
elementary schools. 

Class 843. Domestic and industrial training for girls. — Mod- 
els and apparatus for the teaching of cookery, 
housework, washing and ironing, needle-work 
and embroidery, dress-making, artificial flower- 
making, painting on silk, crockery, etc. Speci- 
mens of school work. 

Class 844. Handicraft teaching in schools for boys. — Appara- 
tus and fittings for elementary trade teaching 
in schools. Specimens of school work. 

Class 845. Science teaching. — Apparatus and models for ele- 
mentary science instruction in schools. Appa- 
ratus for chemistry, physics, mechanics, etc.; 
diagrams, copies, text-books, etc.; specimens 
of the school work in these subjects. 

Class 846. Art teaching. — Apparatus, models and fittings for 
elementary art instruction in schools; diagrams, 
copies, text-books, etc., specimens of art work, 
modeling, etc., in schools. 

Class 847 Technical and apprenticeship schools. — Appara- 
tus and examples used in primary and second- 
ary schools for teaching handicraft; models, 
plans and designs for the fitting up of work- 
shop and industrial schools; results of indus- 
trial work done in such schools. 

Class 848. Special schools for the elementary instruction 
of Indians. 

Class 849. Education of defective classes. — Schools for the 
deaf, dumb, blind, and feeble-minded; adult 
schools for the illiterate. 

Class 850. Public schools. — Descriptions, illustrations, statis- 
tics, methods of instruction, etc, 



20 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

Class 851. Higher education. — Academies and high schools. 
Descriptions and statistics. 
Colleges and universities. — Descriptions, illus- 
trations of the buildings, libraries, museums, 
collections, courses of study, catalogues, statis- 
tics, etc. 

Class 852. Professional schools. — Theology, law, medicine 
and surgery, dentistry, pharmacy; mining, 
engineering, agriculture, mechanic arts; art and 
design; military, naval, normal, commercial; 
music. 

Class 853. Government aid to education. — National Bureau 
of Education. — Reports and statistics. 

GROUP 150. 

LITERATURE, BOOKS, LIBRARIES, JOURNALISM. 

Class 854. Books and literature, with special examples of 
typography, paper, and binding. General 
works. — Philosophy, religion, sociology, phil- 
ology, natural sciences, useful arts, fine arts, 
litetature, history, and geography; cyclope- 
dias, magazines, and newspapers; bindings, 
specimens of typography. 

Class 855. School books. 

Class 856. Technical industrial journals. 

Class 857. Illustrated papers 

Class 858. Newspapers and statistics of their multiplication, 
growth, and circulation. 

Class 859. Journalism, statistics of: with illustrations of 
methods, organization and results. 

Class 860. Trade catalogues and price-lists. 

Class 861. Library apparatus; systems of cataloguing and 
appliances of placing and delivering books. 

Class 862. Directories of cities and towns. 
Class 863. Publications by governments. 



SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. 21 

Class 864. Topographical maps. Marine and coast charts; 
geological maps and sections; botanical, agro- 
nomical, and other maps, showing the exten : 
and distribution of men, animals and terres- 
trial products; physical maps; meteorologies 
maps and bulletins; telegraphic routes and sta- 
tions* railway and route maps; terrestrial and 
celestial globes, relief maps and models of por- 
tions of the earth's surface, profiles of ocean 
beds and routes of submarine cables. 



GROUP 151. 

INSTRUMENTS OF PRECISION, EXPERIMENT, RESEARCH, AND PHO- 
TOGRAPHY. PHOTOGRAPHS. 

Class 865. Weights, measures; weighing and metrological 
apparatus. — Balances of precision, instruments 
for mechanical calculation, adding machines, 
pedometers, cash registers, water and gas 
meters, etc.; measures of length, graduated 
scales, etc. 

(For ordinary commercial forms, see also Group 
112.) 

(For testing machines, see Class 490.) 

Class 866. Astronomical instruments and accessories. — Tran- 
sits, transit circles, mural circles, zenith sectors 
altazimeters, equatorials, collimators, comet 
seekers. 

Class 867. Geodetic and surveying instruments. — Transits, 
theodolites, artificial horizons, surveyor's com- 
passes, goniometers; instruments for surveying 
underground in mines, tunnels, and excavations; 
pocket sextants, plane tables, and instruments 
used with them; ship's compasses, sextants, 
quadrants, repeating circles, dip-sectors, etc. 



22 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



Class 868. Leveling instruments and apparatus — hand-levels 
water-levels, engineers' levels, of all patterns 
and varieties; cathetometers, leveling staves, 
targets, and accessory apparatus. 

Class 869. Hydrographic surveying; deep sea sounding. 

Class 870. Photometric apparatus and methods. 

Class 871. Photographic apparatus and accessories. Photo- 
graphs. 

Class 872. Meteorological instruments and apparatus, with 
methods of recording, reducing and reporting 
observations. Thermometers — mercurial, spirit, 
air; ordinary or self-registering, maximum and 
minimum. Barometers — mercurial, aneroid; 
anemometers, rain gauges, etc. 

Class 873. Chronometric apparatus. — Chronometers, watches 
of precision, astronomical clocks, church and 
metropolitan clocks, clepsydras, hour-glasses 
sun-dials, chronographs, electrical clocks, 
metronomes. (For commercial clocks and 
watches, see also Group 99.) 

Class 874. Optical and thermometric instruments and appa- 
ratus. 

Class 875. Electric and magnetic apparatus. (See also 

Department J.) 
Class 876. Acoustic apparatus. 



GROUP 152. 

CIVIL ENGINEERING, PUBLIC WORKS, CONSTRUCTIVE 
ARCHITECTURE. 

Class 877. Land surveying, topographical surveying. — Sur- 
veys and locations of towns and cities, with 
systems of water supply and drainage. 

Class 878. Surveys of coasts, rivers, and harbors. 
Class 879. Construction and maintenance of roads, streets, 
pavements, etc. 



SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. 23 

Class 880. Bridge engineering (illustrated by drawings and 

models.) 
Bridge designing. — Drawings and charts, showing 

methods of calculating stresses. 
Foundations, piers, abutments and approaches of 

stone, wood, etc. 
Arch bridges of stone, wood or iron. 
Suspension bridges of fiber, iron chain, and cable. 
Truss bridges of wood, iron and steel. — Pony, 

bow-string and plate girders, lattice girders, 

Fink, Bollman, Howe, Pratt, Warren, Post, 

Long, Whipple and other trusses of special 

design. 
Cantilever bridges, draw-bridges, rolling and 

swinging machinery. 
Tubular bridges. 
Railway, aqueduct, and other bridges of special 

design not elsewhere classed. 
(A chart showing date of completion, span, rise, 

weight, and cost of the great bridges of the 

world, would be of interest.) 

Class 881. Subaqueous constructions.— Foundations, piers, 
harbors, break-waters,, building of dams, water- 
works and canals. 

Class 882. Irrigation. — Irrigating canals and systems. 
Class 883. Railway engineering. — Surveying, locating and 
constructing railways. 

Class 884. Dynamic and industrial engineering. — The con- 
struction and working of machines; examples 
of planning and construction of manufacturing 
and metallurgical establishments. 

Class 885. Mine engineering. — Surveying underground, con- 
struction of tunnels, subaqueous tunnels, etc.; 
locating and sinking shafts, inclines, and winzes; 
driving levels, draining, ventilating, and light- 
ing. (See also Department E.) 



24 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

Class 886. Military engineering. — Construction of earth- 
works, breast-works and temporary fortifica- 
tions. 

Class 887. J'ermanent works. — Fortifications, magazines, 
arsenals, mines. 

Class 888. Roads, bridges, pontoons, etc.; movement of 
troops and supplies. 

Class 889. Constructive architecture. — Plans of public build- 
ings for special purposes; large and small dwell- 
ing houses. 

Drawings and specifications for foundations, 
walls, partitions, floors, roofs, and stairways. 

Estimates of amount and cost of material. 

Designs and models of special contrivances for 
safety, comfort and convenience in the manip- 
ulation of elevators doors, windows, etc. 

Working plans for the mason, carpenter and 
painter; designs and models of bonds, arches, 
coping, vaulting, etc. ; plastering and construc- 
tion of partitions; painting and glazing. 

Plans of appliance: for hoisting, handling and 
delivering building materials to artisans. 
— Scaffolding and ladders, special scaffolding 
for handling great weights; portable cranes, 
and power elevators. 

Illustrations of the strength of materials. 

Plans and sections of special architectural forms. 
Metallic floor beams and girders; hollow bricks 
and other architectural pottery for heating and 
ventilation; metallic cornice and conduits, 
shingles and sheathing, glass roofs, floors and 
accessories, architectural hardware. 

Methods of combining materials. 

Protection of foundations, areas and walls against 
water. 

Working plans for paving and draining. 



SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. 25 

GROUP 153 

GOVERNMENT AND LAW. 

Class 890. Various systems of government illustrated. — Gov- 
ernment departments, legislative, executive, and 
judicial. 

Class 891. International law and relations. — Fac-similes of 
treaties, etc. 

Class 892. Protection of property in inventions. Patent 
offices and their functions, statistics of inven- 
tions and patents. 

Class 893. Postal systems and the appliances of the postal 
service. Letter-boxes, pouches, mail-bags, post- 
age stamps, etc. 

Class 894. Punishment of crime. — Prisons and reformatories, 
prison management and discipline, transporta- 
tion of criminals, penal colonies, houses of cor- 
rection, reform schools, naval or marine disci- 
pline, punishment at sea, police stations, night 
lock-ups, etc; dress and equipment of prisoners, 
examples of convict workmanship. 



GROUP 154. 

COMMERCE, TRADE, AND BANKING. 

Class 895. History and statistics of trade and commerce. 

Class 896. Railway and transportation companies. 

Class 897. Methods and media of exchange. — Money, coins 
paper money, etc. 

Class 898. Counting houses, stores, and shops. — Arrange- 
ment, furniture, fittings; methods of manage- 
ment, book-keeping, devices for distributing 
change and goods to customers. 

Class 899. Warehouse and storage systems. — Grain eleva- 
tors. 

Class 900. Boards of Trade and their functions illustrated. 



26 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

Class 901. Exchanges for produce, metals, stocks, etc. 

Class 902. Insurance companies. 

Class 903. Banks and banking. — Illustrations of buildings, 
interiors, methods, and statistical information; 
clearing-houses, etc.; savings and trust institu- 
tions. 

Class 904. Safes and vaults for storage of treasure and valu- 
ables; safe deposit companies. 

Class 905. Book-keeping. — Books and systems of book-keep- 
ing and accounting, commercial blank forms, 
etc. 

Class 906. Express companies, freighting, etc. 



GROUP 155. 

INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE INCREASE AND 
DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE. 

Class 907. Institutions founded for the increase and diffu- 
sion of knowledge, such as the Smithsonian 
Institution, the Royal Institution, the Institute 
of France, British Association for the Advance- 
ment of Science, and the American Association, 
etc.; their organization, history and results. 

Class 908. Academies of science and letters. — Learned and 
scientific associations, geological and miner- 
alogical societies, etc.; engineering, technical, 
and professional associations; artistic, biological, 
zoological, medical, astronomical societies and 
organizations. 

Class 909. Museums, collections, art galleries, exhibitions of 
works of art and industry; agricultural fairs, 
state and county exhibitions, national exhibi- 
tions, international exhibitions^ international 
congresses. 

Class 910. Publication societies. 

Class 911. Libraries — Public and private; statistics of opera- 
tions. 



SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. 27 

GROUP 156. 

SOCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND CO OPERATIVE ASSOCIATIONS. 

Class 912. Social organizations. — Clubs — political, military, 

university, travelers'; press clubs, science clubs, 

and others. 
Class 913. Political societies and organizations. 
Class 914. Workingmen's unions and associations. — Their 

organization, statistics, and results. 
Class 915 Industrial organizations. 
Class 916. Co-operative trading associations. 
Class 917. Secret societies. 
Class 918. Miscellaneous organizations for promoting the 

material and moral well-being of the industrial 

classes. 



GROUP 157. 

RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS AND SYSTEMS — STATISTICS AND 
PUBLICATIONS. 

Class 919. Religious organizations and systems. — Origin, 
nature, growth, and extent of various religious 
systems and faiths. Statistical, historical and 
other illustrations; pictures of buildings; plans 
and views of interiors. 

Class 920. Religious music, choirs, hymnology 

Class 921. Missionary societies, missions, and missionary 
work; maps, reports, statistics. 

Class 922. Spreading the knowledge of religious systems 
by publications; Bible societies, tract societies, 
and their publications. 

Class 923. Systems and methods of religious instruction and 
training for the young; Sunday-schools, furni- 
ture, apparatus, and books. 

Class 924. Associations for religious or moral improvement. 

Class 925. Charities and charitable associations connected 
with ecclesiastical societies. 



28 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

GROUP 158. 

MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS — THE THEATRE. 

Class 926. History and theory of music. — Music of primitive 
people. Crude and curious instruments. 
Combinations of instruments, bands and 
orchestras. Music books and scores. Musical 
notation. 
History and literature of music. Portraits of 
great musicians. 

Class 927. Self-vibrating instruments. — Drums and tam- 
bourines; cymbals, triangles, gongs, castanets, 
" bones. ' 
Bells, chimes and peals. 

Bell-ringers' instruments. Musical glasses. 
Glockenspiels, zylophones, marimbas. 
Music boxes. 
Class 928. Stringed instruments played with the fingers or 
plectrum. 
Lutes, guitars, banjos and mandolins. 
Harps and lyres. 
Zithers, dulcimers. 
Class 929. Stringed instruments played w T ith the bow. 
The violin. 

The viol, viola, viola da gamba, viola di amore. 
The violincello and the bass viol. 
Mechanical instruments. — Hurdy-gurdy and vio- 
lin piano. 

Class 930. Stringed instruments with key-board. — The 
piano-forte square, upright and grand. 

Actions and parts of a piano. 

The predecessors of the piano. — Clavicytherium 
clavicymbal, clavichord, manichord, virginal, 
spinet, harpsichord, and hammer harpsichord. 

Instruments and methods of manufacture. 

Street pianos. 

Class 931. Wind instruments, with simple aperture or plug 
mouthpiece. The flute, flute-a-bec. Syrinx. 
Organ-pipes. Flageolet. 



SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. 29 

Class 932. Wind instruments, with mouthpiece regulated by 
the lips. The clarionet, oboe and saxophone. 

Class 933. Wind instruments with bell mouthpiece, without 
keys. The trumpet (simple) and the bugle. 
Oliphant. Alpenhorn. The trombone (with 
slide and with finger-holes). The serpent, bas- 
soon and bagpipe. 

Class 934. Wind instruments with bell mouthpiece, with 
keys. Key bugles, cornets, French horns. Cor- 
nopeans, orphicleides. 

Class 935. Wind instruments with complicated systems. 
The pipe organ. 

Reed organs, melodeons and harmonicas. 
Accordions, concertinas and mouth organs. 
Hand organs and organettes. Automatic 
organs, orchestrions, etc. 

Class 936. Accessories of musical instruments — strings, 
reeds, bridges. 

Conductor's batons, drum-majors' staves. Me- 
chanical devices for the orchestra. 

Tuning forks, pitch-pipes, metronomes, music 
stands, etc. 
Class 937. Music in relation to human life. — Musical com- 
posers. Great performers. Great singers. 
Portraits. Biographies. 

Concerts and the concert stage. 

The opera. The oratorio. Masses. 

Church music and sacred music of all periods. 
Hymnology, ballads, folk-song, and folk-music 
of all lands. National airs. 
Class 938. The theatre and the drama. The stage. Plans 
and models of stages and theatres. 

History of the drama, so far as can be shown by 
literary record. Portraits of actors. Relics of 
actors. 

Playbills, etc. Costumes, masks, armor. Scen- 
ery. Appliances of illusion, etc. Plays of all 
ages and peoples. 



30 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



THE MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS 
BUILDING. 

Notable for its symmetrical proportions, the Manufactures 
and Liberal Arts Building is the mammoth structure of the 
Exposition. 

In the center of the building an enormous hall, without 
columns 386 feet 10 inches wide, by 1,275 ^ eet 10 inches long, 
covered with a roof formed by great iron arches springing 
from all sides and rising to a height of 210 feet above the 
floor. This magnificent space will be lighted by continuous 
clerestory windows and by an enormous spread of glass in 
the roof covering. Around this enormous hall is run a 
system of continuous naves 107 feet 9 inches wide and 115 
feet high, which are also lighted by clerestory windows and 
glazed roofs, and aisles on either side of these naves 23 and 
46 feet wide respectively, covered by galleries of the same 
dimensions. 

The building, including its galleries, has about forty acres 
of floor space. 

The Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building is in the 
Corinthian style of architecture, and in point of being severely 
classic excels nearly all of the other edifices. The long array 
of columns and arches, which its facades present, is relieved 
from monotony by very elaborate ornamentation. In this 
ornamentation female figures, symbolical of the various arts 
and sciences, play a conspicuous and very attractive part. 

Designs showing in relief the seals of the different States of 
the Union and of foreign nations also appear in the ornamenta- 
tion. These, of course, are gigantic in their proportions. 

The exterior of the building is covered with " staff," which 
is treated to represent marble. The huge fluted columns 
and the immense arches are apparently of this beautiful 
material. 

There are four great entrances, one in the centre of each 
facade. These are designed in the manner of triumphal 
arches, the central archway of each being 40 feet wide and 



SYSTEM OF CLASSIFIACTION. 31 

80 feet high. Surmounting these portals is the great attic 
story ornamented with sculptured eagles 18 feet high, and on 
each side above the side arches are great panels with inscrip- 
tions, and the spandrils are filled with sculptured figures in 
bas-relief. At each corner of the main building are pavilions 
forming great arched entrances, which are designed in har- 
mony with the great portals. The interiors of these pavilions 
are richly decorated with sculpture and rural paintings. The 
long facades of the great hall surrounding the building are 
composed of a series of arches filled with immense glass 
windows. The lower portion of those arches up to the level 
of the gallery floor and 25 feet in depth, is open to the out- 
side, thus forming a covered loggia, which forms an open 
promenade for the public, and will provide a very interesting 
feature, particularly on the east side where it faces the lake. 
It is intended to locate here a number of cafes, where the 
great crowds can loiter at their ease and enjoy the breezes 
and cool shadows of the afternoon. 

The architect of this great building, George B. Post, of 
New York, has been remarkably successful in giving architect- 
ural symmetry and effectiveness to the immense proportions 
with which he had to deal, and his work stands as one of 
the marvels of the Exposition. 

The building occupies a most conspicuous place in the 
grounds. It faces the lake, with only lawns and promenades 
between. North of it the United States Government Build- 
ing, south the Harbor and in-jutting Lagoon, and west the 
Electrical Building and the lagoon separating it from the 
great island which in part is wooded and in part resplendent 
with acres of bright flowers of varied hues. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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